DACA or TPS Authorization in the US: Key Differences and Implications for Eligible Individuals

Introduction

Navigating the complex world of immigration statuses in the United States can be daunting, especially for individuals seeking protection and work authorization. Among the various options available, DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and TPS (Temporary Protected Status) stand out as two critical programs designed to aid specific groups. Understanding the key differences and implications of these programs is essential for making informed decisions.

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What is DACA?

Definition and Purpose

DACA, an initiative launched in 2012, aims to protect young individuals who arrived in the U.S. as children from deportation. It offers temporary relief and facilitates their integration into American society.

Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for DACA, applicants must meet specific conditions, including:

• Arriving in the U.S. before turning 16.

   

• Continuously residing in the U.S. since June 15, 2007.

   

• Being under 31 years of age as of June 15, 2012.

   

• Pursuing or having completed education or military service.

   

• Having no significant criminal record.

   

Benefits and Limitations

While DACA provides work authorization and protection from deportation, it does not offer a pathway to citizenship or permanent residency. Additionally, DACA recipients cannot travel outside the U.S. without advance parole.

What is TPS?

Definition and Purpose

TPS is a humanitarian program designed to grant temporary immigration status to individuals from countries experiencing armed conflict, environmental disasters, or other extraordinary circumstances.

Eligibility Criteria

Applicants for TPS must meet the following requirements:

• Being a national of a country designated for TPS.

   

• Residing in the U.S. continuously since the TPS designation date.

   

• Meeting registration deadlines.

   

• Being admissible to the U.S. and not posing security risks.

   

Benefits and Limitations

TPS enables individuals to live and work in the U.S. without fear of deportation. However, TPS status is temporary and does not lead to permanent residency or citizenship. TPS beneficiaries may travel internationally with prior approval but with specific constraints.

Key Differences Between DACA and TPS

here are some key differences between DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and TPS (Temporary Protected Status) regarding legal status and duration:

Legal Status and Duration

DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)

1. Legal Status:
   • Deferred Action: DACA provides a renewable two-year deferred action from deportation but does not confer any form of lawful status or lawful presence.
   • Work Authorization: Recipients may receive work authorization during the period of deferred action.
   • No Path to Citizenship: DACA does not provide a direct path to permanent residency or citizenship.
2. Duration:
   • Two-Year Renewable Period: The protection from deportation and work authorization under DACA is renewable every two years.
   • Discretionary and Subject to Change: As an executive policy, DACA can be modified or terminated by the administration in power, which adds an element of uncertainty for recipients.

TPS (Temporary Protected Status)

1. Legal Status:
   • Temporary Legal Status: TPS provides a temporary legal status that allows individuals to stay in the U.S. for the duration of the designation period.
   • Lawful Presence: Unlike DACA, TPS grants recipients lawful presence in the U.S. for the duration of the designation.
   • Work Authorization: TPS holders are eligible for work authorization.
   • No Permanent Residency: While TPS provides temporary protection, it does not offer a direct pathway to permanent residency or citizenship.
2. Duration:
   • Based on Country Designation: The duration of TPS is tied to the conditions in the home country. It can be granted for 6, 12, or 18 months and is renewable as long as the home country’s designation is in place.
   • Renewable Periods: The U.S. government periodically reviews the conditions in the designated countries and can renew, extend, or terminate TPS based on these assessments.

Summary

• Legal Status: DACA offers deferred action without lawful status, while TPS provides temporary lawful status.
• Duration: DACA is renewable every two years, whereas TPS is tied to the home country’s designation and can be renewed as long as the conditions warrant it.

These differences highlight the distinct nature of each program in terms of the protections and limitations they offer to recipients.

Eligibility Requirements

DACA Eligibility

DACA is tailored for individuals who entered the U.S. as minors and meet stringent educational, age, and residence-related prerequisites.

TPS Eligibility

TPS eligibility hinges on the applicant’s nationality and residence history, focusing on those escaping exceptional conditions in their countries.

Work Authorization and Travel

DACA Work Permit and Travel Restrictions

DACA recipients can obtain work permits, enabling them to find employment legally. Travelling outside the U.S. requires advance parole, imposing significant limitations.

TPS Work Permit and Travel Restrictions

TPS beneficiaries also receive work permits. Travel outside the U.S. is authorized through a travel document, but regulations and risks differ from DACA’s advance parole.

Implications for Eligible Individuals

Social and Economic Impact

Both DACA and TPS recipients contribute significantly to the U.S. economy, filling essential roles in various industries. However, their temporary statuses can impact long-term economic stability and social integration.

Pathway to Permanent Residency

Neither DACA nor TPS offers direct routes to permanent residency. However, certain legislative proposals and advocacy efforts aim to provide permanent solutions for these groups.

Legal and Political Considerations

The legal landscape for DACA and TPS is continually evolving, influenced by political changes and court rulings. Staying informed and consulting with immigration experts is crucial for navigating these complexities.

Conclusion

Understanding the nuances of DACA and TPS is vital for eligible individuals seeking to navigate their immigration journeys. Both programs offer protection and opportunities but come with significant limitations. Making informed decisions about applying for DACA or TPS requires a thorough grasp of their differences and implications.

FAQs

Can I apply for both DACA and TPS concurrently? Yes, individuals may apply for both if they meet the eligibility criteria for each program. However, each has distinct requirements and processes.

What happens if my DACA or TPS status expires? For DACA, you must renew your status every two years. For TPS, status renewal depends on the continued designation of your home country. Expiry without renewal may result in losing work authorization and protection from deportation.

Are there any fees associated with applying for DACA or TPS? Yes, both programs require application fees. DACA includes fees for work authorization and biometrics, while TPS application fees vary based on individual circumstances.

How can I check my eligibility for DACA or TPS? Eligibility criteria are detailed on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website. Consulting an immigration attorney can provide personalized guidance.

What should I do if my application for DACA or TPS is denied? If denied, reviewing the denial notice and seeking legal counsel can help understand the reasons and explore potential remedies, including reapplying or appealing the decision.